Black Soldier Fly Research

Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens)

Food Waste Coversion Ratio

• 1000kg of Food Waste coversion ratio to BSF Frass ranges from 12% (120kg) to 25% BSF frass (250kg)
  
• 1000kg of Food Waste conversion ratio to BSF Larvae ranges from 5.5% to 12.5% BSF larvae (125kg)

 

 

 

Sources:

1. Frass derived from black soldier fly larvae treatment of biodegradable wastes. A critical review and future perspectives, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X22000666, 
2. Black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) as recyclers of organic waste
   and possible livestock feed, https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/181401/170797&ved=2ahUKEwjprJ6_k5mIAxV7klYBHfFWAmQQFnoECBMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1V8CqpKZl4kkhHvBisLd-G
3. 
   

Spirulina

Growing Spirulina

a)  Materials Needed

• Hydroponic Solution A (25ml) and B (25ml)
  
• Non-iodized Table Salt - 10 TBSP (approx 140 grams)
  
• Baking Soda - 10 TBSP (approx 140 grams)
  
• Non-chlorinated Drinking Water - 10 liters
• Aquarium Aerator (Air Pump, Hose, Air Stones)
  
• Transparent or White Plastic Pail that can hold at least 11 liters of Water 
• Spirulina Live Culture - 1 liter
  
• If grown indoor, grow lights
• If grown in non-tropical countries, aquarium water heater that can be adjusted between 30C to 38C
  

b)  Procedure 

1. Pour 5 liters of non-chlorinated water to the transparent/white pail;
2. Pour hydroponic solution A into the water and stir, then wait for 5 minutes;
3. Pour hydroponic solution B into the water and stir, then wait for 5 minutes;
   
4. Add additional 5 liters of non-chlorinated water and stir;
5. Add 10 TBSP of Baking Soda into the water and stir till dissolved;
6. Add 10 TBSP of Non-Iodized Table Salt into the water and stir till dissolve;
7. Add 1 liter of Spirulina Live Culture into the water;
8. Setup the aquarium aerator;
9. Cover the pail with transparent covering (Transparent Plastic Cover or UV Sheet is recommended);
10. Place the pail outside where it can be bathe in the sun for 5 to 7 days.
    

 

c)  Harvesting Spirulina 

1. Using an empty pail, strain (preferably using cheese cloth) the spirulina from the growing pail;
2. Wash the strained spirulina with drinking water till all salts are washed off;
   
3. Squeeze and dry the spirulina in the sun or in a mechanical dryer;
4. Approximately a 10 liter setup should yield 100 grams of spirulina powder;

 

Notes on fail2ban

The software "fail2ban" is similar to DenyHosts but more general as it is not only intended for SSHD protection.

Installation

On Debian-based system, issue the command:

sudo apt-get install fail2ban -y

On Fedora-based system, issue the command:

sudo dnf install fail2ban -y

Configuration

The following sample configuration for SSHD are as follows (/etc/fail2ban/):

 

[sshd]
enabled = true
port = ssh
filter = sshd
logpath = /var/log/auth.log
maxretry = 3
findtime = 300
bantime = 28800
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1